콘텐츠로 이동

AspectRatio — spec

Synthesized from shadcn-ui aspect-ratio (Radix). A wrapper that locks its child to a specific aspect ratio. The single-purpose primitive for hero images, video embeds, card thumbnails, and any case where you need predictable proportions before content loads.

Why this exists

The CSS aspect-ratio property handles 90% of cases natively. AspectRatio component is useful when: - You need a consistent React API across the codebase. - Browser support for aspect-ratio is insufficient (rare in 2024+; Safari < 15). - You want to compose with other behavior (loading skeleton, fade-in).

For new projects targeting modern browsers: just use aspect-ratio: 16/9 in CSS. AspectRatio component is for cross-browser / design-system consistency.

API

<AspectRatio ratio={16 / 9}>
  <img src="/hero.jpg" alt="" className="w-full h-full object-cover" />
</AspectRatio>

<AspectRatio ratio={1}>
  <Avatar src={url} />
</AspectRatio>

<AspectRatio ratio={4 / 5}>
  <ProductImage src={product.image} />
</AspectRatio>
Prop Type Default Description
ratio number 1 Width / height ratio (16/9 = 1.77, 4/3 = 1.33, 1/1 = 1)
children ReactNode — Single child; positioned absolute to fill
className string — Pass-through
as keyof JSX.IntrinsicElements "div" Wrapper element

Common ratios

Ratio Use
16/9 (1.77) Video, hero images, widescreen
4/3 (1.33) Photography, classic TV
1/1 (1.0) Avatars, product thumbnails (Instagram-style)
4/5 (0.8) Mobile portrait product
9/16 (0.56) Vertical video (Reels / Shorts / TikTok)
3/2 (1.5) DSLR photos
21/9 (2.33) Ultrawide cinema
1/2 (0.5) Tall hero / banner

Implementation

CSS: 

.aspect-ratio {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: var(--ratio);  /* modern browsers */
}

/* Fallback for browsers without aspect-ratio support */
@supports not (aspect-ratio: 1) {
  .aspect-ratio::before {
    content: "";
    display: block;
    padding-bottom: calc(100% / var(--ratio));
  }
  .aspect-ratio > * {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
  }
}

React: 

function AspectRatio({ ratio = 1, children, className, as: Tag = "div" }: Props) {
  return (
    <Tag
      className={cn("aspect-ratio", className)}
      style={{ "--ratio": ratio } as React.CSSProperties}
    >
      {children}
    </Tag>
  );
}

Tokens consumed

--radius-md          (when used in cards; outer corners rounded)

That's it. AspectRatio is layout-only; no theming.

States

Stateless. The wrapper holds proportions; children control their own visuals.

Accessibility

  • AspectRatio is layout-only — no role, no semantics.
  • Make sure the children have appropriate alt text / aria labels.
  • <img> inside should always have alt="" (decorative) or descriptive alt.
  • For <video> inside: same captions / accessibility as standalone video.

Edge cases

  • Multiple children: only first child is positioned absolute. Wrap in a single container if multiple needed.
  • Content overflows ratio: hidden by default. To allow overflow, set overflow: visible on the wrapper.
  • Loading state: pair with skeleton — skeleton itself can be the AspectRatio child during load.
  • Object-fit: image / video child needs object-fit: cover (default for filling) or contain (letterbox).
  • No children: empty wrapper still maintains ratio.
  • Print: aspect-ratio works in print; ratio preserved.

Code example

function ProductCard({ product }: Props) {
  const [imageLoaded, setImageLoaded] = useState(false);

  return (
    <article className="product-card">
      <AspectRatio ratio={4 / 5} className="rounded-md overflow-hidden">
        {!imageLoaded && <Skeleton className="absolute inset-0" />}
        <img
          src={product.image}
          alt={product.name}
          onLoad={() => setImageLoaded(true)}
          className="w-full h-full object-cover"
        />
      </AspectRatio>
      <h3>{product.name}</h3>
      <p className="price">{product.price.toLocaleString()}원</p>
    </article>
  );
}

Don't

  • Don't use AspectRatio when CSS aspect-ratio alone suffices.
  • Don't put complex layouts inside — it's a single-child wrapper.
  • Don't apply aspect-ratio AND fixed height to the same element. Pick one.
  • Don't forget object-fit on images inside.

References

  • shadcn-ui: aspect-ratio (Radix)
  • CSS: aspect-ratio property (Baseline 2021)

Cross-reference