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Grid — spec

Synthesized from Ant Design Grid (Row + Col) and MUI Grid (v2). Two-dimensional layout primitive — rows + columns with gap. Use for responsive multi-column layouts.

When to use

  • Multi-column layouts (3-up feature grids, 2-col forms, dashboards).
  • Responsive layouts that change column count by breakpoint.
  • Anywhere CSS Grid is the right tool and you want a system primitive.

When NOT to use: - Single direction (row OR column with consistent gap) — use Flex / Stack. - Pinterest-style varying heights — use Masonry. - Tabular data — use Table.

API — Ant style (Row + Col)

<Row gutter={[16, 16]}>
  <Col xs={24} sm={12} lg={8}>
    <Card>Item 1</Card>
  </Col>
  <Col xs={24} sm={12} lg={8}>
    <Card>Item 2</Card>
  </Col>
  <Col xs={24} sm={12} lg={8}>
    <Card>Item 3</Card>
  </Col>
</Row>

24-column grid (Ant's default). Each <Col> specifies span per breakpoint.

API — MUI v2 style

<Grid container spacing={2}>
  <Grid xs={12} sm={6} lg={4}>
    <Card>Item 1</Card>
  </Grid>
  <Grid xs={12} sm={6} lg={4}>
    <Card>Item 2</Card>
  </Grid>
  <Grid xs={12} sm={6} lg={4}>
    <Card>Item 3</Card>
  </Grid>
</Grid>

12-column grid. Same idea.

API — modern CSS Grid wrapper

<Grid columns={{ mobile: 1, tablet: 2, desktop: 3 }} gap={4}>
  <Card>Item 1</Card>
  <Card>Item 2</Card>
  <Card>Item 3</Card>
</Grid>

Simpler if your design system doesn't need fractional column spans (most don't).

States

Stateless.

Tokens consumed

--breakpoint-mobile / -tablet / -desktop / -wide
--space-{0..n}                     (gap)
--grid-columns                     (system grid count: 12 or 24)

Common layouts

3-up cards, responsive

<Grid columns={{ mobile: 1, tablet: 2, desktop: 3 }} gap={6}>
  {features.map(f => <FeatureCard key={f.id} {...f} />)}
</Grid>

Sidebar + content (asymmetric)

<Grid columns="240px 1fr" gap={4}>
  <aside>Sidebar</aside>
  <main>Content</main>
</Grid>

(Pass through to CSS grid-template-columns for non-system-grid cases.)

Form (2-column)

<Grid columns={{ mobile: 1, tablet: 2 }} gap={4}>
  <Field>
    <Label>First name</Label>
    <Input />
  </Field>
  <Field>
    <Label>Last name</Label>
    <Input />
  </Field>
  <Field span={2}>  {/* full-width on tablet+ */}
    <Label>Address</Label>
    <Input />
  </Field>
</Grid>

Accessibility

  • Grid is presentational. Source order = reading order; ensure DOM matches the intended reading order.
  • Don't use CSS Grid grid-row / grid-column to visually re-order if it breaks reading. Screen readers read DOM.
  • For responsive collapses: ensure mobile single-column doesn't break content priority.

Don't

  • Don't use Grid for single-row toolbars. Use Flex.
  • Don't reorder content via order / grid-area such that DOM != reading order.
  • Don't nest Grids 4+ levels — refactor to a single grid or use components.
  • Don't hard-code pixel widths in Grid spans. Use the column system OR fractions.

References

  • Ant: Grid (Row + Col, 24-col)
  • MUI: Grid (12-col)
  • CSS Grid Level 1 / 2

Cross-reference